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338 <09> <492> --- 336.1 <492> --- 336.1 <492> Public finance, government finance in general--Nederland --- Public finance, government finance in general--Nederland --- 338 <09> <492> Economische geschiedenis--Nederland --- Economische geschiedenis--Nederland --- Theses --- History of the Netherlands --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899

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Finance, Public. --- Urban economics --- Public goods. --- 330.48 --- 342.2 --- Cities and towns --- City economics --- Economics of cities --- Goods, Public --- Neo-klassiekers en andere post-keynesiaanse theorieën. Public choice. Institutionalisten. Home economics. Analyseschool van de transactiekosten. --- Staat in publiek recht. Persoonlijkheid van de Staat. Centralisatie of decentralisatie van de regering en van de administratie. Lokale autonomie. --- Free rider problem (Economics) --- Finance, Public --- Public goods --- 336.50 --- 338.32 --- 338.43 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.1 --- Economics --- Welfare economics --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- 336.1 Public finance, government finance in general --- Public finance, government finance in general --- Neo-klassiekers en andere post-keynesiaanse theorieën. Public choice. Institutionalisten. Home economics. Analyseschool van de transactiekosten --- Provinciale en gemeentelijke financiën: algemeenheden --- Vestigingsplaats en specialisatie van de productie. Ondernemingscentra --- Regionaal beleid. Industriële ontwikkeling en omschakeling van bepaalde regio's. Nieuwe industrieën --- Staat in publiek recht. Persoonlijkheid van de Staat. Centralisatie of decentralisatie van de regering en van de administratie. Lokale autonomie --- Economic aspects --- Public economics --- Public finances

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The Nobel Prize-winning economist Robert Solow directs his attention here to one of today's most controversial social issues: how to get people off welfare and into jobs. With characteristic eloquence, wit, and rigor, Solow condemns the welfare reforms recently passed by Congress and President Clinton for confronting welfare recipients with an unworkable choice--finding work in the current labor market or losing benefits. He argues that the only practical and fair way to move recipients to work is, in contrast, through an ambitious plan to guarantee that every able-bodied citizen has access to a job. Solow contends that the demand implicit in the 1996 Welfare Reform Act for welfare recipients to find work in the existing labor market has two crucial flaws. First, the labor market would not easily make room for a huge influx of unskilled, inexperienced workers. Second, the normal market adjustment to that influx would drive down earnings for those already in low-wage jobs. Solow concludes that it is legitimate to want welfare recipients to work, but not to want them to live at a miserable standard or to benefit at the expense of the working poor, especially since children are often the first to suffer. Instead, he writes, we should create new demand for unskilled labor through public-service employment and incentives to the private sector--in effect, fair "workfare." Solow presents widely ignored evidence that recipients themselves would welcome the chance to work. But he also points out that practical, morally defensible workfare would be extremely expensive--a problem that politicians who support the idea blithely fail to admit. Throughout, Solow places debate over welfare reform in the context of a struggle to balance competing social values, in particular self-reliance and altruism. The book originated in Solow's 1997 Tanner Lectures on Human Values at Princeton University. It includes reactions from the distinguished scholars Gertrude Himmelfarb, Anthony Lewis, Glenn Loury, and John Roemer, who expand on and take issue with Solow's arguments. Work and Welfare is a powerful contribution to debate about welfare reform and a penetrating look at the values that shape its course.

Income --- United States --- Public welfare --- Welfare recipients --- Poor --- Unskilled labor --- Wages --- Employment --- 336.1 <73> --- 330.1 --- 331.526 --- -Welfare recipients --- -Poor --- -Unskilled labor --- -Wages --- -#SBIB:316.334.2A470 --- #SBIB:316.8H40 --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 331.31 --- 332.691 --- 330.580 --- 339.21 --- 332.630 --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Laborers --- Low-skilled labor --- Low-skilled workers --- Labor --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Public welfare recipients --- Benevolent institutions --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Human services --- Social service --- Public finance, government finance in general--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- Economische grondbegrippen. Algemene begrippen in de economie --- Levels of employment. Employment situation, conditions --- -Employment --- -Arbeidssociologie: het sociaal-economisch overheidsbeleid: algemeen --- Sociaal beleid: social policy, sociale zekerheid, verzorgingsstaat --- Economisch beleid. --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt. --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden. --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Economic conditions --- Government policy --- 331.526 Levels of employment. Employment situation, conditions --- 330.1 Economische grondbegrippen. Algemene begrippen in de economie --- 336.1 <73> Public finance, government finance in general--Verenigde Staten van Amerika. VSA. USA --- #SBIB:316.334.2A470 --- Arbeidssociologie: het sociaal-economisch overheidsbeleid: algemeen --- Gecontroleerde economie. Geleide economie. Welvaarststaat. Algemeenheden --- Economisch beleid --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Public welfare - United States --- Welfare recipients - Employment - United States --- Poor - Employment - United States --- Unskilled labor - United States --- Wages - United States --- United States of America

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Since 1992, the Russian Federation has moved away from a command economy and has laid the foundation of a market-based system. This paper examines some of the key fiscal policy issues that arose in 1992-96, the period following the onset of economic liberalization and reform.

Economic order --- Public finance --- Russian Federation --- Fiscal policy --- Taxation --- Russia (Federation) --- Appropriations and expenditures --- Social policy --- -Taxation --- -Expenditures, Public --- -336.2 <470> --- 336.1 <470> --- 36 <470> --- belastingen --- economisch beleid --- fiscaliteit --- Rusland --- politique economique --- politique fiscale --- politique sociale --- russie --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 336.201 --- 338.313 --- 313 --- 336.020 --- 339.21 --- 331.32 --- 330.05 --- 336.30947 --- Government appropriations --- Government expenditures --- Government spending --- Public expenditures --- Public spending --- Spending, Government --- Finance, Public --- Public administration --- Government spending policy --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Revenue --- Economic policy --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--?<470> --- Public finance, government finance in general--?<470> --- Maatschappelijk werk--?<470> --- fiscaal beleid --- sociale politiek --- rusland --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming. --- Kapitalisme. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden. --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Government policy --- -Russia (Federation) --- -Appropriations and expenditures --- Working papers --- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Social policy. --- 36 <470> Maatschappelijk werk--?<470> --- 336.1 <470> Public finance, government finance in general--?<470> --- 336.2 <470> Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--?<470> --- 336.2 <470> Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--?<470> --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--?<470> --- Russia --- 336.2 <470> --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Structuur van de economie --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Kapitalisme --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Fiscal policy - Russia (Federation) --- Taxation - Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation) - Appropriations and expenditures --- Russia (Federation) - Social policy --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation) --- Budgeting --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Public finance & taxation --- Pensions --- Budgeting & financial management --- Macroeconomics --- Population & demography --- Pension spending --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Aging --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Population and demographics --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- Population aging